Figure 1. A lateral view of the electrophysiology setup. The zoom insert shows the cervical connectives, between the head and thorax, supported by a tungsten wire bent into a U. The tungsten support also served as a ground. Experiments used pulled quartz glass electrodes, with an approximate tip diameter of 50 nm, permitting single unit recordings. Manduca sexta were restrained in a tube and placed ventral side up in front of a rear projection screen.