Figure 1. Collection of Aphaenogaster cockerelli colonies by physical excavation (n=14) and utilizing Neivamyrmex nigrescens ants (n=31). Using army ants proves to be a more effective method than physical excavation for capturing queenright (Q+) colonies (2-tailed Fisher exact test, p<0.0001). Queenless (Q-) colony collection represents both nests without a queen and failed collections where the queen (if present) could not be captured.