Figure 1. Thermotropic effects of various insecticides on membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization in XH-S of P. xylostella larvae. The capital letters in the top of every figure represent different insecticides: A, abamectin; B, emamectin benzoate; C, ivermectin; D, endosulfan; E, cypermethrin; F, fenvalerate. Symbols indicate different concentrations to incubate with membrane.