Figure 5. Mean separation distance (± SE) between adult female Laricobius nigrinus (Ln), Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) and Harmonia axyridis (Ha) in the (A) spring (12±2˚C, 12:12 L:D, 50–75% RH) and (B) summer (22±2˚C, 16:8 L:D and 65–85% RH) evaluations for the paired-predator assays (n=6). Each species was tested in combination with one conspecific or heterospecific predator. One-minute video segments were captured every 15 min over 24 h. Means with the same letter were not significantly different at P ≥ 0.05.