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Table 1. Hatching (%) of UV-irradiated eggs of three stored products insects
Ages of eggs (days)
1 2 day 3 day
Pest species Exposure period (min) Mean ± SEM reduction* Mean ± SEM reduction* Mean ± SEM reduction*
T. castaneum 0 (Control) 94.00 ± 2.61 a — 91.33 ± 1.52 a — 94.00 ± 0.67 a —
2 77.67 ± 1.54 b 17.37 62.67 ± 3.67 b 31.38 82.67 ± 2.50 a 12.05
4 73.67 ± 0.08 b 21.63 38.00 ± 3.04 c 58.39 37.00 ± 3.47 b 60.64
8 70.00 ± 3.68 b 25.53 21.00 ± 2.50 d 77.01 6.33 ± 3.30 c 93.27
16 51.00 ± 1.54 c 45.74 10.33 ± 1.61 de 88.69 3.33 ± 1.04 c 96.46
24 18.87 ± 1.84 d 79.93 5.66 ± 1.45 e 93.80 0.67 ± 0.41 c 99.29
T. confusum 0 (Control) 85.33 ± 1.11 a — 86.00 ± 2.00 a — 89.33 ± 1.33 a —
2 53.33 ± 1.77 b 37.50 74.00 ± 5.30 ab 13.95 72.00 ± 3.06 b 19.40
4 33.33 ± 2.91 c 60.94 61.33 ± 5.82 b 28.69 59.33 ± 4.81 c 33.58
8 27.33 ± 5.21 c 67.97 34.67 ± 4.06 c 59.69 26.67 ± 2.41 d 70.14
16 13.33 ± 0.67 d 84.38 0.67 ± 0.67 d 99.22 0.67 ± 0.67 e 99.25
24 2.67 ± 0.67 d 96.87 0.00 d — 0.00 e —
C. cautella 0 (Control) 85.67 ± 8.09 a — 93.00 ± 3.05 a — 91.67 ± 2.40 a —
2 71.66 ± 3.53 ab 16.35 81.67 ± 3.28 a 12.18 83.67 ± 3.93 ab 8.73
4 56.33 ± 4.41 bc 34.25 63.66 ± 4.41 b 31.55 78.33 ± 4.18 b 14.55
8 52.67 ± 4.33 bc 38.52 44.00 ± 6.67 c 52.69 73.33 ± 2.03 b 20.00
16 41.00 ± 2.08 c 52.14 53.33 ± 7.27 bc 42.66 52.00 ± 2.89 c 43.27
24 46.33 ± 7.25 c 45.92 43.33 ± 6.13 c 53.41 52.07 ± 1.33 c 43.20

*(%) reduction over the controls.
Means followed by the same letter in each column of each species are not significantly different at P < 0.05 by Tukey's (1953) multiple comparison test.
SEM, Standard error of the mean
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