Figure 1. Penetration of E. mundus as a function of host age. First and 2^nd instar B. tabaci were subjected to parasitization for 24 h. Three days post-parasitization and for the next two days, 1^st to 4^th instar whiteflies were inverted and the occurrence of parasitoid penetration was recorded. For each whitefly instar (N1, N2, N3 and N4), bars represent the total number of unparasitized whiteflies and hosts under which a parasitoid egg, non-penetrating 1^st instar or penetrating 1^st instar parasitoid was present. For ease of comparison, the number within each bar represents the value of that bar and the number above each bar represents the percentage of whiteflies in a given instar that was unparasitized, or had a parasitoid egg, non-penetrating 1st instar or penetrating 1^st instar parasitoid underneath them.