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Table 1.
Year Host Dissection Results Polymerase Chain Reaction Endonuclease Digestion
Nymphs1 Parasitism2 Larvae3 Peristenus4 Other5 Unamplifiable6 P. howardi7 P.pallipes8 Unknown9
2002 Parma alfalfa10 575 267 20 20 0 0 18 0 2
Alfalfa hay 390 7 3 3 0 0 3 0 0
Alfalfa seed 462 56 23 18 4 1 18 0 0
Clover seed 590 34 28 24 3 1 21 1 2
Kochia 160 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Pepperweed 1379 85 57 34 10 13 31 0 3
Hoary cress 257 3 3 2 0 1 1 0 1
Feral alfala 327 55 35 30 3 2 30 0 0
Total 4140 509 170 131 21 18 122 1 8
2003 Parma alfalfa10 2018 725 62 46 14 2 42 0 4
Alfalfa hay 979 12 12 11 1 0 8 0 3
Alfalfa seed 1799 83 78 65 8 5 62 2 1
Clover 893 28 28 25 2 1 25 0 0
Kochia 219 8 8 7 1 0 7 0 0
Pepperweed 1396 172 170 146 20 4 138 0 8
Hoary cress 775 59 57 45 9 3 43 0 2
Total 8079 1087 415 345 55 15 325 2 18
Both years 12219 1596 585 476 76 33 447 3 26
1 Total number of Lygus spp. nymphs collected from the respective plant hosts.
2 Number of Lygus spp. nymphs with at least one parasitoid at dissection.
3 Number of parasitoid larvae subjected to polymerase chain reaction.
4 Number of parasitoid larvae that produced an amplimer using Peristenus-specific primers C1-J-2252 and TL2-N-3014.
5 Number of parasitoid larvae that produced an amplimer using universal insect primers 5.9S-F and 28S-R, but not with Peristenus-specific primers; interpreted as non-Peristenus parasitoid species.
6 Number of parasitoid larvae that produced no amplimer with either primer set; interpreted as unamplifiable DNA.
7 Number of Peristenus-specific amplimers that produced an SfcI digestion banding pattern matching that of the known P. howardi reference.
8 Number of Peristenus-specific amplimers that produced an SfcI digestion banding pattern matching that of the known P. pallipes or P. pseudopallipes references, which are indistinguishable using this endonuclease.
9 Number of Peristenus-specific amplimers that produced an SfcI digestion banding pattern not matching any of the Peristenus spp. references.
10 Unreplicated data from Parma Research and Extension Center alfalfa seed field provided for comparison.
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