Figure 3. Defense behavior of the host candidates during the infection experiments (A) and experiments in which the animals were approached with a stick (B). A. Comparison of two elements of defense behavior (display of wing flips and production of protest song; Dist. noise) between males of the sister species Okanagana canadensis (O.c.; n = 13) and Okanagana rimosa (O.r.; n = 24). B. Defense behavior elements of males (n = 50) and females (n = 40) of O. rimosa.