Table 2 Percentage mortality of beneficial insect species presented with two different fruit fly baits in a no-choice situation. Trials were performed in wax paper cups (surface area = 98.1 cm2) except for larvae of E. childreni that were tested in Petri dishes (5.0 cm diameter). Baits were presented as single 1 µl droplets on Petri dish lids accompanied by a 1 µl droplet of distilled water. Control insects received the 'blank' bait (without the active ingredient), while treatment insects received baits containing either malathion (Nu-Lure) or Spinosad (GF-120). Immature stages were reared through to emergence of adults; adult P. clavatus were held for 3 days post-treatment and adult C. rufilabris for 5 days. Differences in mortality between control and treatment insects were compared by a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test performed on numbers of surviving insects. *(C/T) = n (control group) / n (treatment group)

% Mortality % Mortality Family / Species Life Stage Nu-Lure Control Nu-Lure Treatment n P GF-120 GF-120 n P (C/T)* Control Treatment (C/T)* Coccinellidae   Curinous coeruleus adults 0.0 75.0 20/20 < 0.001 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns   3rd instar larvae 5.0 50.0 20/20 < 0.001 5.0 10.0 20/20 ns Cycloneda sanguinea adults 0.0 80.0 20/20 < 0.001 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns   3rd instar larvae 0.0 35.0 20/20 ns 0.0 5.0 20/20 ns Exochomus childreni adults 0.0 20.0 20/20 ns 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns   3rd instar larvae 0.0 75.0 20/20 < 0.001 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns Harmonia axyridis adults 0.0 100.0 20/20 < 0.001 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns   3rd instar larvae 0.0 100.0 20/20 < 0.001 0.0 5.0 20/20 ns Olla v-nigrum adults 0.0 15.0 20/20 ns 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns   3rd instar larvae 10.0 5.0 20/20 ns 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns Scymnus sp. adults 0.0 10.0 10/10 ns 0.0 0.0 20/20 ns Syrphidae   Pseudodorus clavatus adults ~ ~ ~ ~ 0.0 70.0 10/10 < 0.001 Anthocoridae   Orius insidiosus 3rd instar larvae 4.0 16.0 25/25 ns 16.0 34.8 25/23 ns Chrysopidae   Chrysoperla rufilabris adults 0.0 100.0 20.20 < 0.001 10.0 80.0 20/20 < 0.001   3rd instar larvae 0.0 55.0 20/20 < 0.05 0.0 30.0 20/20 < 0.001