Figure 3. Top and side views of a fishing spider (left) and model frog (far right), both at rest at the start of a trial and separated (mean SE) as shown on the cm scale. Only trials in which the spider was facing the frog model ( 45°, red lines) were used in this study. The distance scale indicates the position of the model from the spiders at the start of the trials (filled triangle; mean SE) and its position at the moment when each spider first made a visible response to an attack (filled circle). If the spider responded it did so, on average, about 87 ms after the initiation of the attack (horizontal double-headed arrow; mean SE). Leaps by the spiders, when they occurred, were inclined in the vertical plane (filled circles on the polar plot) at an angle of about 137° away from the model. Measurements of air flows during mock attacks (in the absence of spiders) were made with the sensor wire of an anemometer located at the vertex of the red lines, 2 mm above the water surface.