Figure 4. The effects of GRE 300 mg/kg on brain infarction after MCAo by the treatment time. GRE and vehicles were orally administered at −2 hours and 0 hours (pretreatment), at 0 hours and 2 hours (cotreatment), at 3 hours and 5 hours (post–treatment (3 hours)) and at 6 hours and 8 hours (post–treatment (six hours) after MCAo induction. Brain sections were made by isolating at 22 hours after MCAo and stained by 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The infarct volume was calculated by dividing the correlated infarct volume (mm³) by the total volume (mm³) of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The data are expressed as box–whisker plots: the box represents the 25- 75^th percentiles and the bar across the box indicates the average of each group. The whiskers on each box represent the lowest and highest data. The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of rats. * p < 0.05 when compared with each vehicle–treated group in one–way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test.