Antifeedant activity of citrus waste wax and its fractions against the dry wood termite, Cryptotermes brevis
1University of Caxias do Sul, Biotechnology Institute, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS-Brazil
2University of the Republic, Faculty of Chemistry, Box 1157, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
3Aripê Citrus Ltda, BIO CITRUS, 95780-000, Montenegro, RS-Brazil
Abstract
The wood protective action of citrus wax, a waste from the citrus industry that is a mixture of citrus fruit epicuticular waxes and essential oils, was evaluated against the termite Cryptotermes brevis Walker (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). The antifeedant index (AI) of the total wax and fractions was calculated. The total citrus wax exhibited an AI50 value of 24.69 mg/cm3, the wax after hydrodistillation showed the strongest antifeedant property (AI50 11.68 mg/cm3). Fractionation of the wax and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis allowed the identification of coumarins and furancoumarins as the active compounds. These results suggest the potential use of these industrial residues as a natural approach to termite control.
Keywords: bioactivity, coumarins, Citrus latifolia waste wax, wood protection
Abbreviations: CFWR, citrus fixed wax residue; CWW, citrus waste wax; VLC, vacuum liquid chromatography
Correspondence:
a anacarolinaloss@yahoo.com.br,
b mmato@fq.edu.uy,
c cs@fq.edu.uy,
d cfrizzo@biocitrus.com.br,
e nmbarro@ucs.br,
f heinzen@fq.edu.uy, *Corresponding authors
Editor: Thomas Miller was Editor of this paper.
Received: 3 February 2011 | Accepted: 8 March 2011 | Published: 21 November 2011
Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed.
ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 11, Number 159
Sbeghen-Loss AC, Mato M, Cesio MV, Frizzo C, de Barros NM, Heinzen H. 2011. Antifeedant activity of citrus waste wax and its fractions against the dry wood termite, Cryptotermes brevis. Journal of Insect Science 11:159 available online: insectscience.org/11.159