Microgynous queens in the Paleartic ant, Manica rubida: Dispersal morphs or social parasites?
1 Université François Rabelais, IRBI, UMR CNRS 6035, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
2Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
In many ant species, queen size is dimorphic, with small microgynes and large macrogynes, which differ, for example, in size, insemination rate, ovary development, and dispersal tactics. These polymorphic queens often correspond with alternative reproductive strategies. The Palearctic ant, Manica rubida (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), lives mostly in mountainous regions in either monogynous colonies, containing one macrogynous queen or polygynous colonies, containing a few large macrogynous queens. In 1998, a colony of M. rubida was discovered containing macrogynes and many small alate microgynes that did not engage in a nuptial flight but, instead, stayed in the home nest the following winter. These microgynes were studied more closely by investigating their size, behavior, and spermatheca in relation to M. rubida macrogynes and workers. Mitochondrial DNA of macrogynes, microgynes and workers from four nests was sequenced to detect possible genetic differences between them. The microgynes were significantly smaller than the macrogynes, and the head width of the gynes was completely bimodal. The microgynes behaved like workers of the macrogynes in every experiment tested. Furthermore, the microgynes had a normal spermatheca and could be fecundated, but rarely (only one in several years). Finally, all the individuals were genetically identical, except three workers that differed by only one codon position. Because these microgynes have features of both queens and workers, their functional significance in the colony is not yet clear.
Keywords: gynes, macrogynes, microgynes
Correspondence: a*alain.lenoir@univ-tours.fr, bseverine.devers@univ-tours.fr, cbressac@univ-tours.fr, driitta.savolainen@helsinki.fi *Corresponding author
Received: 1 April 2008 | Accepted: 19 April 2009 | Published: 15 March 2010
Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed.
ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 10, Number 17
Lenoir A, Devers S, Marchand P, Bressac C, S R Savolainen. 2010. Microgynous queens in the Paleartic ant, Manica rubida: Dispersal morphs or social parasites? 13pp. Journal of Insect Science 10:17, available online: insectscience.org/10.17
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