Selectivity of pesticides used in integrated apple production to the lacewing, Chrysoperla externa
1Department of Entomology and Phytopathology/Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Lavras-UFLA, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, 21045-900, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the toxicity of the pesticides abamectin 18 CE (0.02 g a.i. L-1), carbaryl 480 SC (1.73 g a.i. L-1), sulfur 800 GrDA (4.8 g a.i. L-1), fenitrothion 500 CE (0.75 g a.i. L-1), methidathion 400 CE (0.4 g a.i. L-1), and trichlorfon 500 SC (1.5 g a.i. L-1) as applied in integrated apple production in Brazil on the survival, oviposition capacity, and egg viability of the lacewing, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Bento Gonçalves and Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. An attempt was made to study morphological changes caused by some of these chemicals, by means of ultrastructural analysis, using a scanning electronic microscope. Carbaryl, fenitrothion, and methidathion caused 100% adult mortality for both populations, avoiding evaluation of pesticides’ effects on predator reproductive parameters. Abamectin and sulfur also affected the survival of these individuals with mortality rates of 10% and 6.7%, respectively, for adults from Bento Gonçalves, and were harmless to those from Vacaria at the end of evaluation. Trichlorfon was also harmless to adults from both populations. No compound reduced oviposition capacity. C. externa from Vacaria presented higher reproductive potential than those from Bento Gonçalves. In relation to egg viability, sulfur was the most damaging compound to both populations of C. externa. Ultrastructural analyses showed morphological changes in the micropyle and the chorion of eggs laid by C. externa treated with either abamectin or sulfur. The treatment may have influenced the fertilization of C. externa eggs and embryonic development. Sulfur was responsible for malformations in the end region of the abdomen and genitals of treated females. When applied to adults, abamectin, sulfur, and trichlorfon were harmless, while carbaryl, fenitrothion, and methidathion were harmful, according to the IOBC classification.
Keywords: biological control agents, green lacewings, natural enemies, scanning electronic microscopy
Abbreviations: IOBC, International Organization for Biological Control
Correspondence: aapmoura@ufrrj.br
Received: 22 October 2008 |
Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed.
ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 10, Number 121
Moura AP, Carvalho GA, Moscardini VF, Lasmar O, Rezende DT, Marques MC. 2010. Selectivity of pesticides used in integrated apple production to the lacewing, Chrysoperla externa. Journal of Insect Science 10:121, available online: insectscience.org/10.121
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