Table 3 Independent analysis for Mendelian inheritance of scale color and eye color in Heliothis virescens using data from test crosses; combined results of 13 pair matings of Yyes/Dalzell98 x Yyes.

Scale color Ratio chi squared Yellow1 Green2 Observed 7043 229 3.1:1 Unlinked to eye color4 466.5 466.5 1:1 242**5 Unlinked to eye color with lethal6 466.5 233.25 2:1 121** Unlinked y, yes7 699.75 233.25 3:1 0.103 Eye color Ratio chi squared Yellow1 Grey2 Observed 455 478 0.98:1 Unlinked to scale color4 466.5 466.5 1:1 0.567 Unlinked to scale color with lethal6 233.25 466.5 1:2 121** Unlinked y, yes7 466.5 466.5 1:1 0.567

1Mutant phenotype. 2Wild phenotype. 33 4Expected value for a model in which scale color and eye color assort independently. 5Significant at p less than 0.001. 6Expected value for a model in which independent assortment is accompanied by a lethal interaction of mutant genes, killing the recombinant class green scales with yellow eyes (see Table 1). 7Expected value for a model in which one gene (y) controls scale color and a second, unlinked gene (yes) controls both eye color and scale color as explained in the text.